X-Git-Url: https://ocean-lang.org/code/?p=ocean;a=blobdiff_plain;f=csrc%2Foceani.mdc;h=65790ec985469c5268208cd68bb38a8fc116f1df;hp=520212be6d144365a586638bf695098689460058;hb=a9cd2fcd52ae4ba9c19f775221cc14d2745083b3;hpb=527a8f053f3ee881dad97a5c78e17d9c62862bad

diff --git a/csrc/oceani.mdc b/csrc/oceani.mdc
index 520212b..65790ec 100644
--- a/csrc/oceani.mdc
+++ b/csrc/oceani.mdc
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ structures can be used.
 
 ###### Parser: header
 	## macros
+	struct parse_context;
 	## ast
 	struct parse_context {
 		struct token_config config;
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ structures can be used.
 				fprintf(stderr, "oceani: type error in program - not running.\n");
 				exit(1);
 			}
-			interp_prog(context.prog, argv+optind+1);
+			interp_prog(&context, context.prog, argc - optind, argv+optind);
 		}
 		free_exec(context.prog);
 
@@ -287,14 +288,6 @@ consistent across all the branches.  When the variable is not used
 outside the if, the variables in the different branches are distinct
 and can be of different types.
 
-Determining the types of all variables early is important for
-processing command line arguments.  These can be assigned to any of
-several types of variable, but we must first know the correct type so
-any required conversion can happen.  If a variable is associated with
-a command line argument but no type can be interpreted (e.g. the
-variable is only ever used in a `print` statement), then the type is
-set to 'string'.
-
 Undeclared names may only appear in "use" statements and "case" expressions.
 These names are given a type of "label" and a unique value.
 This allows them to fill the role of a name in an enumerated type, which
@@ -407,11 +400,11 @@ various entities.
 ### Types
 
 Values come in a wide range of types, with more likely to be added.
-Each type needs to be able to parse and print its own values (for
-convenience at least) as well as to compare two values, at least for
-equality and possibly for order.  For now, values might need to be
-duplicated and freed, though eventually such manipulations will be
-better integrated into the language.
+Each type needs to be able to print its own values (for convenience at
+least) as well as to compare two values, at least for equality and
+possibly for order.  For now, values might need to be duplicated and
+freed, though eventually such manipulations will be better integrated
+into the language.
 
 Rather than requiring every numeric type to support all numeric
 operations (add, multiple, etc), we allow types to be able to present
@@ -437,7 +430,7 @@ Named type are stored in a simple linked list.  Objects of each type are
 		struct type *next;
 		int size, align;
 		void (*init)(struct type *type, struct value *val);
-		int (*parse)(struct type *type, char *str, struct value *val);
+		void (*prepare_type)(struct parse_context *c, struct type *type, int parse_time);
 		void (*print)(struct type *type, struct value *val);
 		void (*print_type)(struct type *type, FILE *f);
 		int (*cmp_order)(struct type *t1, struct type *t2,
@@ -541,28 +534,6 @@ Named type are stored in a simple linked list.  Objects of each type are
 			printf("*Unknown*");		// NOTEST
 	}
 
-	static int parse_value(struct type *type, char *arg, 
-	                       struct value *val)
-	{
-		if (type && type->parse)
-			return type->parse(type, arg, val);
-		return 0;				// NOTEST
-	}
-
-	static struct value *val_alloc(struct type *t, struct value *init)
-	{
-		struct value *ret;
-
-		if (!t->size)
-			val_init(t, NULL);
-		ret = calloc(1, t->size);
-		if (init)
-			memcpy(ret, init, t->size);
-		else
-			val_init(t, ret);
-		return ret;
-	}
-
 ###### forward decls
 
 	static void free_value(struct type *type, struct value *v);
@@ -574,7 +545,6 @@ Named type are stored in a simple linked list.  Objects of each type are
 	static int value_cmp(struct type *tl, struct type *tr,
 	                     struct value *left, struct value *right);
 	static void print_value(struct type *type, struct value *v);
-	static int parse_value(struct type *type, char *arg, struct value *val);
 
 ###### free context types
 
@@ -606,11 +576,11 @@ later.  In some cases a Boolean can be accepted as well as some other
 primary type, and in others any type is acceptable except a label (`Vlabel`).
 A separate function encoding these cases will simplify some code later.
 
-## type functions
+###### type functions
 
 	int (*compat)(struct type *this, struct type *other);
 
-## ast functions
+###### ast functions
 
 	static int type_compat(struct type *require, struct type *have, int rules)
 	{
@@ -627,9 +597,6 @@ A separate function encoding these cases will simplify some code later.
 		return require == have;
 	}
 
-When assigning command line arguments to variables, we need to be able
-to parse each type from a string.
-
 ###### includes
 	#include <gmp.h>
 	#include "parse_string.h"
@@ -747,57 +714,10 @@ to parse each type from a string.
 		}
 	}
 
-	static int _parse_value(struct type *type, char *arg, struct value *val)
-	{
-		struct text tx;
-		int neg = 0;
-		char tail[3] = "";
-
-		switch(type->vtype) {
-		case Vlabel:				// NOTEST
-		case Vnone:				// NOTEST
-			return 0;			// NOTEST
-		case Vstr:
-			val->str.len = strlen(arg);
-			val->str.txt = malloc(val->str.len);
-			memcpy(val->str.txt, arg, val->str.len);
-			break;
-		case Vnum:
-			if (*arg == '-') {
-				neg = 1;
-				arg++;
-			}
-			tx.txt = arg; tx.len = strlen(tx.txt);
-			if (number_parse(val->num, tail, tx) == 0)
-				mpq_init(val->num);
-			else if (neg)
-				mpq_neg(val->num, val->num);
-			if (tail[0]) {
-				printf("Unsupported suffix: %s\n", arg);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			break;
-		case Vbool:
-			if (strcasecmp(arg, "true") == 0 ||
-			    strcmp(arg, "1") == 0)
-				val->bool = 1;
-			else if (strcasecmp(arg, "false") == 0 ||
-			         strcmp(arg, "0") == 0)
-				val->bool = 0;
-			else {
-				printf("Bad bool: %s\n", arg);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		return 1;
-	}
-
 	static void _free_value(struct type *type, struct value *v);
 
 	static struct type base_prototype = {
 		.init = _val_init,
-		.parse = _parse_value,
 		.print = _print_value,
 		.cmp_order = _value_cmp,
 		.cmp_eq = _value_cmp,
@@ -885,7 +805,6 @@ cannot nest, so a declaration while a name is in-scope is an error.
 	struct variable {
 		struct variable *previous;
 		struct type *type;
-		struct value *val;
 		struct binding *name;
 		struct exec *where_decl;// where name was declared
 		struct exec *where_set;	// where type was set
@@ -1035,6 +954,11 @@ recent instance.  These variables don't really belong in the
 is found.  Instead, they are detected and ignored when considering the
 list of in_scope names.
 
+The storage of the value of a variable will be described later.  For now
+we just need to know that when a variable goes out of scope, it might
+need to be freed.  For this we need to be able to find it, so assume that 
+`var_value()` will provide that.
+
 ###### variable fields
 	struct variable *merged;
 
@@ -1057,6 +981,9 @@ list of in_scope names.
 			}
 	}
 
+###### forward decls
+	static struct value *var_value(struct parse_context *c, struct variable *v);
+
 ###### free context vars
 
 	while (context.varlist) {
@@ -1068,8 +995,7 @@ list of in_scope names.
 			struct variable *t = v;
 
 			v = t->previous;
-			free_value(t->type, t->val);
-			free(t->val);
+			free_value(t->type, var_value(&context, t));
 			if (t->depth == 0)
 				// This is a global constant
 				free_exec(t->where_decl);
@@ -1149,7 +1075,6 @@ all pending-scope variables become conditionally scoped.
 		v->scope = InScope;
 		v->in_scope = c->in_scope;
 		c->in_scope = v;
-		v->val = NULL;
 		return v;
 	}
 
@@ -1258,6 +1183,112 @@ all pending-scope variables become conditionally scoped.
 		}
 	}
 
+#### Storing Values
+
+The value of a variable is store separately from the variable, on an
+analogue of a stack frame.  There are (currently) two frames that can be
+active.  A global frame which currently only stores constants, and a
+stacked frame which stores local variables.  Each variable knows if it
+is global or not, and what its index into the frame is.
+
+Values in the global frame are known immediately they are relevant, so
+the frame needs to be reallocated as it grows so it can store those
+values.  The local frame doesn't get values until the interpreted phase
+is started, so there is no need to allocate until the size is known.
+
+###### variable fields
+		short frame_pos;
+		short global;
+
+###### parse context
+
+	short global_size, global_alloc;
+	short local_size;
+	void *global, *local;
+
+###### ast functions
+
+	static struct value *var_value(struct parse_context *c, struct variable *v)
+	{
+		if (!v->global) {
+			if (!c->local || !v->type)
+				return NULL;
+			if (v->frame_pos + v->type->size > c->local_size) {
+				printf("INVALID frame_pos\n"); // NOTEST
+				exit(2);
+			}
+			return c->local + v->frame_pos;
+		}
+		if (c->global_size > c->global_alloc) {
+			int old = c->global_alloc;
+			c->global_alloc = (c->global_size | 1023) + 1024;
+			c->global = realloc(c->global, c->global_alloc);
+			memset(c->global + old, 0, c->global_alloc - old);
+		}
+		return c->global + v->frame_pos;
+	}
+
+	static struct value *global_alloc(struct parse_context *c, struct type *t,
+					  struct variable *v, struct value *init)
+	{
+		struct value *ret;
+		struct variable scratch;
+
+		if (t->prepare_type)
+			t->prepare_type(c, t, 1);
+
+		if (c->global_size & (t->align - 1))
+			c->global_size = (c->global_size + t->align) & ~(t->align-1);
+		if (!v) {
+			v = &scratch;
+			v->type = t;
+		}
+		v->frame_pos = c->global_size;
+		v->global = 1;
+		c->global_size += v->type->size;
+		ret = var_value(c, v);
+		if (init)
+			memcpy(ret, init, t->size);
+		else
+			val_init(t, ret);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+As global values are found -- struct field initializers, labels etc --
+`global_alloc()` is called to record the value in the global frame.
+
+When the program is fully parsed, we need to walk the list of variables
+to find any that weren't merged away and that aren't global, and to
+calculate the frame size and assign a frame position for each variable.
+For this we have `scope_finalize()`.
+
+###### ast functions
+
+	static void scope_finalize(struct parse_context *c)
+	{
+		struct binding *b;
+
+		for (b = c->varlist; b; b = b->next) {
+			struct variable *v;
+			for (v = b->var; v; v = v->previous) {
+				struct type *t = v->type;
+				if (v->merged && v->merged != v)
+					continue;
+				if (v->global)
+					continue;
+				if (c->local_size & (t->align - 1))
+					c->local_size = (c->local_size + t->align) & ~(t->align-1);
+				v->frame_pos = c->local_size;
+				c->local_size += v->type->size;
+			}
+		}
+		c->local = calloc(1, c->local_size);
+	}
+
+###### free context vars
+	free(context.global);
+	free(context.local);
+
 ### Executables
 
 Executables can be lots of different things.  In many cases an
@@ -1487,11 +1518,12 @@ in `rval`.
 		struct value rval, *lval;
 	};
 
-	static struct lrval _interp_exec(struct exec *e);
+	static struct lrval _interp_exec(struct parse_context *c, struct exec *e);
 
-	static struct value interp_exec(struct exec *e, struct type **typeret)
+	static struct value interp_exec(struct parse_context *c, struct exec *e,
+					struct type **typeret)
 	{
-		struct lrval ret = _interp_exec(e);
+		struct lrval ret = _interp_exec(c, e);
 
 		if (!ret.type) abort();
 		if (typeret)
@@ -1501,16 +1533,19 @@ in `rval`.
 		return ret.rval;
 	}
 
-	static struct value *linterp_exec(struct exec *e, struct type **typeret)
+	static struct value *linterp_exec(struct parse_context *c, struct exec *e,
+					  struct type **typeret)
 	{
-		struct lrval ret = _interp_exec(e);
+		struct lrval ret = _interp_exec(c, e);
 
-		if (typeret)
+		if (ret.lval)
 			*typeret = ret.type;
+		else
+			free_value(ret.type, &ret.rval);
 		return ret.lval;
 	}
 
-	static struct lrval _interp_exec(struct exec *e)
+	static struct lrval _interp_exec(struct parse_context *c, struct exec *e)
 	{
 		struct lrval ret;
 		struct value rv = {}, *lrv = NULL;
@@ -1553,10 +1588,6 @@ different phases of parse, analyse, print, interpret.
 
 Thus far we have arrays and structs.
 
-Some complex types need do not exist in a name table, so they are kept
-on a linked list in the context (`anon_typelist`).  This allows them to
-be freed when parsing is complete.
-
 #### Arrays
 
 Arrays can be declared by giving a size and a type, as `[size]type' so
@@ -1571,39 +1602,68 @@ ever be referenced by the name it is declared with.  It is likely that
 a "`copy`" primitive will eventually be define which can be used to
 make a copy of an array with controllable recursive depth.
 
+For now we have two sorts of array, those with fixed size either because
+it is given as a literal number or because it is a struct member (which
+cannot have a runtime-changing size), and those with a size that is
+determined at runtime - local variables with a const size.  The former
+have their size calculated at parse time, the latter at run time.
+
+For the latter type, the `size` field of the type is the size of a
+pointer, and the array is reallocated every time it comes into scope.
+
+We differentiate struct fields with a const size from local variables
+with a const size by whether they are prepared at parse time or not.
+
 ###### type union fields
 
 	struct {
-		int size;
+		short size;
+		short static_size;
 		struct variable *vsize;
 		struct type *member;
 	} array;
 
 ###### value union fields
-	void *array;
+	void *array;  // used if not static_size
 
 ###### value functions
 
-	static void array_init(struct type *type, struct value *val)
+	static void array_prepare_type(struct parse_context *c, struct type *type,
+				       int parse_time)
 	{
-		int i;
+		struct value *vsize;
+		mpz_t q;
+		if (!type->array.vsize || type->array.static_size)
+			return;
 
-		if (type->array.vsize) {
-			mpz_t q;
-			mpz_init(q);
-			mpz_tdiv_q(q, mpq_numref(type->array.vsize->val->num),
-			           mpq_denref(type->array.vsize->val->num));
-			type->array.size = mpz_get_si(q);
-			mpz_clear(q);
+		vsize = var_value(c, type->array.vsize);
+		mpz_init(q);
+		mpz_tdiv_q(q, mpq_numref(vsize->num), mpq_denref(vsize->num));
+		type->array.size = mpz_get_si(q);
+		mpz_clear(q);
+
+		if (parse_time) {
+			type->array.static_size = 1;
+			type->size = type->array.size * type->array.member->size;
+			type->align = type->array.member->align;
 		}
-		type->size = type->array.size * type->array.member->size;
-		type->align = type->array.member->align;
+	}
+
+	static void array_init(struct type *type, struct value *val)
+	{
+		int i;
+		void *ptr = val->ptr;
 
 		if (!val)
-			return;		
+			return;
+		if (!type->array.static_size) {
+			val->array = calloc(type->array.size, 
+					    type->array.member->size);
+			ptr = val->array;
+		}
 		for (i = 0; i < type->array.size; i++) {
 			struct value *v;
-			v = (void*)val->ptr + i * type->array.member->size;
+			v = (void*)ptr + i * type->array.member->size;
 			val_init(type->array.member, v);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1611,12 +1671,17 @@ make a copy of an array with controllable recursive depth.
 	static void array_free(struct type *type, struct value *val)
 	{
 		int i;
+		void *ptr = val->ptr;
 
+		if (!type->array.static_size)
+			ptr = val->array;
 		for (i = 0; i < type->array.size; i++) {
 			struct value *v;
-			v = (void*)val->ptr + i * type->array.member->size;
+			v = (void*)ptr + i * type->array.member->size;
 			free_value(type->array.member, v);
 		}
+		if (!type->array.static_size)
+			free(ptr);
 	}
 
 	static int array_compat(struct type *require, struct type *have)
@@ -1645,27 +1710,34 @@ make a copy of an array with controllable recursive depth.
 
 	static struct type array_prototype = {
 		.init = array_init,
+		.prepare_type = array_prepare_type,
 		.print_type = array_print_type,
 		.compat = array_compat,
 		.free = array_free,
+		.size = sizeof(void*),
+		.align = sizeof(void*),
 	};
 
+###### declare terminals
+	$TERM [ ]
+
 ###### type grammar
 
-	| [ NUMBER ] Type ${
-		$0 = calloc(1, sizeof(struct type));
-		*($0) = array_prototype;
-		$0->array.member = $<4;
-		$0->array.vsize = NULL;
-		{
+	| [ NUMBER ] Type ${ {
 		char tail[3];
 		mpq_t num;
+		struct text noname = { "", 0 };
+		struct type *t;
+
+		$0 = t = add_type(c, noname, &array_prototype);
+		t->array.member = $<4;
+		t->array.vsize = NULL;
 		if (number_parse(num, tail, $2.txt) == 0)
 			tok_err(c, "error: unrecognised number", &$2);
 		else if (tail[0])
 			tok_err(c, "error: unsupported number suffix", &$2);
 		else {
-			$0->array.size = mpz_get_ui(mpq_numref(num));
+			t->array.size = mpz_get_ui(mpq_numref(num));
 			if (mpz_cmp_ui(mpq_denref(num), 1) != 0) {
 				tok_err(c, "error: array size must be an integer",
 				        &$2);
@@ -1674,41 +1746,26 @@ make a copy of an array with controllable recursive depth.
 				        &$2);
 			mpq_clear(num);
 		}
-		$0->next = c->anon_typelist;
-		c->anon_typelist = $0;
-		}
-	}$
+		t->array.static_size = 1;
+		t->size = t->array.size * t->array.member->size;
+		t->align = t->array.member->align;
+	} }$
 
 	| [ IDENTIFIER ] Type ${ {
 		struct variable *v = var_ref(c, $2.txt);
+		struct text noname = { "", 0 };
 
 		if (!v)
 			tok_err(c, "error: name undeclared", &$2);
 		else if (!v->constant)
 			tok_err(c, "error: array size must be a constant", &$2);
 
-		$0 = calloc(1, sizeof(struct type));
-		*($0) = array_prototype;
+		$0 = add_type(c, noname, &array_prototype);
 		$0->array.member = $<4;
 		$0->array.size = 0;
 		$0->array.vsize = v;
-		$0->next = c->anon_typelist;
-		c->anon_typelist = $0;
 	} }$
 
-###### parse context
-
-	struct type *anon_typelist;
-
-###### free context types
-
-	while (context.anon_typelist) {
-		struct type *t = context.anon_typelist;
-
-		context.anon_typelist = t->next;
-		free(t);
-	}
-
 ###### Binode types
 	Index,
 
@@ -1753,17 +1810,22 @@ make a copy of an array with controllable recursive depth.
 	case Index: {
 		mpz_t q;
 		long i;
+		void *ptr;
 
-		lleft = linterp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		lleft = linterp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		mpz_init(q);
 		mpz_tdiv_q(q, mpq_numref(right.num), mpq_denref(right.num));
 		i = mpz_get_si(q);
 		mpz_clear(q);
 
+		if (ltype->array.static_size)
+			ptr = lleft;
+		else
+			ptr = *(void**)lleft;
 		rvtype = ltype->array.member;
 		if (i >= 0 && i < ltype->array.size)
-			lrv = (void*)lleft + i * rvtype->size;
+			lrv = ptr + i * rvtype->size;
 		else
 			val_init(ltype->array.member, &rv);
 		ltype = NULL;
@@ -1835,7 +1897,12 @@ function will be needed.
 		for (i = 0; i < type->structure.nfields; i++) {
 			struct value *v;
 			v = (void*) val->ptr + type->structure.fields[i].offset;
-			val_init(type->structure.fields[i].type, v);
+			if (type->structure.fields[i].init)
+				dup_value(type->structure.fields[i].type, 
+					  type->structure.fields[i].init,
+					  v);
+			else
+				val_init(type->structure.fields[i].type, v);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1857,7 +1924,6 @@ function will be needed.
 			if (t->structure.fields[i].init) {
 				free_value(t->structure.fields[i].type,
 				           t->structure.fields[i].init);
-				free(t->structure.fields[i].init);
 			}
 		free(t->structure.fields);
 	}
@@ -1886,6 +1952,9 @@ function will be needed.
 		free(e);
 		break;
 
+###### declare terminals
+	$TERM struct .
+
 ###### variable grammar
 
 	| Variable . IDENTIFIER ${ {
@@ -1950,7 +2019,7 @@ function will be needed.
 	{
 		struct fieldref *f = cast(fieldref, e);
 		struct type *ltype;
-		struct value *lleft = linterp_exec(f->left, &ltype);
+		struct value *lleft = linterp_exec(c, f->left, &ltype);
 		lrv = (void*)lleft->ptr + ltype->structure.fields[f->index].offset;
 		rvtype = ltype->structure.fields[f->index].type;
 		break;
@@ -2039,15 +2108,16 @@ function will be needed.
 			if (!ok)
 				c->parse_error = 1;
 			else {
-				struct value vl = interp_exec($5, NULL);
-				$0->f.init = val_alloc($0->f.type, &vl);
+				struct value vl = interp_exec(c, $5, NULL);
+				$0->f.init = global_alloc(c, $0->f.type, NULL, &vl);
 			}
 		} }$
 		| IDENTIFIER : Type ${
 			$0 = calloc(1, sizeof(struct fieldlist));
 			$0->f.name = $1.txt;
 			$0->f.type = $<3;
-			$0->f.init = val_alloc($0->f.type, NULL);
+			if ($0->f.type->prepare_type)
+				$0->f.type->prepare_type(c, $0->f.type, 1);
 		}$
 
 ###### forward decls
@@ -2132,6 +2202,8 @@ an executable.
 
 ###### Grammar
 
+	$TERM True False
+
 	$*val
 	Value ->  True ${
 			$0 = new_val(Tbool, $1);
@@ -2253,6 +2325,8 @@ link to find the primary instance.
 
 ###### Grammar
 
+	$TERM : ::
+
 	$*var
 	VariableDecl -> IDENTIFIER : ${ {
 		struct variable *v = var_decl(c, $1.txt);
@@ -2293,7 +2367,6 @@ link to find the primary instance.
 			v->where_decl = $0;
 			v->where_set = $0;
 			v->type = $<Type;
-			v->val = NULL;
 		} else {
 			v = var_ref(c, $1.txt);
 			$0->var = v;
@@ -2311,7 +2384,6 @@ link to find the primary instance.
 			v->where_decl = $0;
 			v->where_set = $0;
 			v->type = $<Type;
-			v->val = NULL;
 			v->constant = 1;
 		} else {
 			v = var_ref(c, $1.txt);
@@ -2331,7 +2403,6 @@ link to find the primary instance.
 			/* This might be a label - allocate a var just in case */
 			v = var_decl(c, $1.txt);
 			if (v) {
-				v->val = NULL;
 				v->type = Tnone;
 				v->where_decl = $0;
 				v->where_set = $0;
@@ -2402,7 +2473,6 @@ link to find the primary instance.
 		if (v->type == NULL) {
 			if (type && *ok != 0) {
 				v->type = type;
-				v->val = NULL;
 				v->where_set = prog;
 				*ok = 2;
 			}
@@ -2427,7 +2497,7 @@ link to find the primary instance.
 
 		if (v->merged)
 			v = v->merged;
-		lrv = v->val;
+		lrv = var_value(c, v);
 		rvtype = v->type;
 		break;
 	}
@@ -2509,11 +2579,11 @@ there.
 
 	case CondExpr: {
 		struct binode *b2 = cast(binode, b->right);
-		left = interp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
+		left = interp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
 		if (left.bool)
-			rv = interp_exec(b2->left, &rvtype);
+			rv = interp_exec(c, b2->left, &rvtype);
 		else
-			rv = interp_exec(b2->right, &rvtype);
+			rv = interp_exec(c, b2->right, &rvtype);
 		}
 		break;
 
@@ -2626,27 +2696,27 @@ evaluate the second expression if not necessary.
 
 ###### interp binode cases
 	case And:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		rv.bool = rv.bool && right.bool;
 		break;
 	case AndThen:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
 		if (rv.bool)
-			rv = interp_exec(b->right, NULL);
+			rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, NULL);
 		break;
 	case Or:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		rv.bool = rv.bool || right.bool;
 		break;
 	case OrElse:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
 		if (!rv.bool)
-			rv = interp_exec(b->right, NULL);
+			rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, NULL);
 		break;
 	case Not:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->right, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rvtype);
 		rv.bool = !rv.bool;
 		break;
 
@@ -2754,8 +2824,8 @@ expression operator, and the `CMPop` non-terminal will match one of them.
 	case NEql:
 	{
 		int cmp;
-		left = interp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		left = interp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		cmp = value_cmp(ltype, rtype, &left, &right);
 		rvtype = Tbool;
 		switch (b->op) {
@@ -2772,9 +2842,14 @@ expression operator, and the `CMPop` non-terminal will match one of them.
 
 ### Expressions: The rest
 
-The remaining expressions with the highest precedence are arithmetic and
-string concatenation.  String concatenation (`++`) has the same
-precedence as multiplication and division, but lower than the uniary.
+The remaining expressions with the highest precedence are arithmetic,
+string concatenation, and string conversion.  String concatenation
+(`++`) has the same precedence as multiplication and division, but lower
+than the uniary.
+
+String conversion is a temporary feature until I get a better type
+system.  `$` is a prefix operator which expects a string and returns
+a number.
 
 `+` and `-` are both infix and prefix operations (where they are
 absolute value and negation).  These have different operator names.
@@ -2788,12 +2863,13 @@ should only insert brackets were needed for precedence.
 	Times, Divide, Rem,
 	Concat,
 	Absolute, Negate,
+	StringConv,
 	Bracket,
 
 ###### expr precedence
 	$LEFT + - Eop
 	$LEFT * / % ++ Top
-	$LEFT Uop
+	$LEFT Uop $
 	$TERM ( )
 
 ###### expression grammar
@@ -2834,6 +2910,7 @@ should only insert brackets were needed for precedence.
 
 	Uop ->    + ${ $0.op = Absolute; }$
 		| - ${ $0.op = Negate; }$
+		| $ ${ $0.op = StringConv; }$
 
 	Top ->    * ${ $0.op = Times; }$
 		| / ${ $0.op = Divide; }$
@@ -2862,14 +2939,15 @@ should only insert brackets were needed for precedence.
 		if (bracket) printf(")");
 		break;
 	case Absolute:
-		if (bracket) printf("(");
-		printf("+");
-		print_exec(b->right, indent, bracket);
-		if (bracket) printf(")");
-		break;
 	case Negate:
+	case StringConv:
 		if (bracket) printf("(");
-		printf("-");
+		switch (b->op) {
+		case Absolute:   fputs("+", stdout); break;
+		case Negate:     fputs("-", stdout); break;
+		case StringConv: fputs("$", stdout); break;
+		default: abort();	// NOTEST
+		}			// NOTEST
 		print_exec(b->right, indent, bracket);
 		if (bracket) printf(")");
 		break;
@@ -2906,36 +2984,45 @@ should only insert brackets were needed for precedence.
 			           Tstr, rules, type);
 		return Tstr;
 
+	case StringConv:
+		/* op must be string, result is number */
+		propagate_types(b->left, c, ok, Tstr, 0);
+		if (!type_compat(type, Tnum, 0))
+			type_err(c,
+			  "error: Can only convert string to number, not %1",
+				prog, type, 0, NULL);
+		return Tnum;
+
 	case Bracket:
 		return propagate_types(b->right, c, ok, type, 0);
 
 ###### interp binode cases
 
 	case Plus:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		mpq_add(rv.num, rv.num, right.num);
 		break;
 	case Minus:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		mpq_sub(rv.num, rv.num, right.num);
 		break;
 	case Times:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		mpq_mul(rv.num, rv.num, right.num);
 		break;
 	case Divide:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		mpq_div(rv.num, rv.num, right.num);
 		break;
 	case Rem: {
 		mpz_t l, r, rem;
 
-		left = interp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		left = interp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		mpz_init(l); mpz_init(r); mpz_init(rem);
 		mpz_tdiv_q(l, mpq_numref(left.num), mpq_denref(left.num));
 		mpz_tdiv_q(r, mpq_numref(right.num), mpq_denref(right.num));
@@ -2947,22 +3034,43 @@ should only insert brackets were needed for precedence.
 		break;
 	}
 	case Negate:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->right, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rvtype);
 		mpq_neg(rv.num, rv.num);
 		break;
 	case Absolute:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->right, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rvtype);
 		mpq_abs(rv.num, rv.num);
 		break;
 	case Bracket:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->right, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rvtype);
 		break;
 	case Concat:
-		left = interp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		left = interp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		rvtype = Tstr;
 		rv.str = text_join(left.str, right.str);
 		break;
+	case StringConv:
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rvtype);
+		rtype = Tstr;
+		rvtype = Tnum;
+
+		struct text tx = right.str;
+		char tail[3];
+		int neg = 0;
+		if (tx.txt[0] == '-') {
+			neg = 1;
+			tx.txt++;
+			tx.len--;
+		}
+		if (number_parse(rv.num, tail, tx) == 0)
+			mpq_init(rv.num);
+		else if (neg)
+			mpq_neg(rv.num, rv.num);
+		if (tail[0])
+			printf("Unsupported suffix: %.*s\n", tx.len, tx.txt);
+
+		break;
 
 ###### value functions
 
@@ -3032,11 +3140,10 @@ is in-place.
 ###### Binode types
 	Block,
 
-###### expr precedence
-	$TERM pass
-
 ###### Grammar
 
+	$TERM { } ;
+
 	$*binode
 	Block -> { IN OptNL Statementlist OUT OptNL } ${ $0 = $<Sl; }$
 		| { SimpleStatements } ${ $0 = reorder_bilist($<SS); }$
@@ -3106,6 +3213,7 @@ is in-place.
 			$0->right = $<1;
 			}$
 
+	$TERM pass
 	SimpleStatement -> pass ${ $0 = NULL; }$
 		| ERROR ${ tok_err(c, "Syntax error in statement", &$1); }$
 		## SimpleStatement Grammar
@@ -3165,7 +3273,7 @@ is in-place.
 		while (rvtype == Tnone &&
 		       b) {
 			if (b->left)
-				rv = interp_exec(b->left, &rvtype);
+				rv = interp_exec(c, b->left, &rvtype);
 			b = cast(binode, b->right);
 		}
 		break;
@@ -3254,7 +3362,7 @@ same solution.
 			if (b->left) {
 				if (sep)
 					putchar(sep);
-				left = interp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
+				left = interp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
 				print_value(ltype, &left);
 				free_value(ltype, &left);
 				if (b->right)
@@ -3281,6 +3389,9 @@ it is declared, and error will be raised as the name is created as
 	Assign,
 	Declare,
 
+###### declare terminals
+	$TERM =
+
 ###### SimpleStatement Grammar
 	| Variable = Expression ${
 			$0 = new(binode);
@@ -3382,8 +3493,8 @@ it is declared, and error will be raised as the name is created as
 ###### interp binode cases
 
 	case Assign:
-		lleft = linterp_exec(b->left, &ltype);
-		right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
+		lleft = linterp_exec(c, b->left, &ltype);
+		right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
 		if (lleft) {
 			free_value(ltype, lleft);
 			dup_value(ltype, &right, lleft);
@@ -3394,17 +3505,19 @@ it is declared, and error will be raised as the name is created as
 	case Declare:
 	{
 		struct variable *v = cast(var, b->left)->var;
+		struct value *val;
 		if (v->merged)
 			v = v->merged;
+		val = var_value(c, v);
+		free_value(v->type, val);
+		if (v->type->prepare_type)
+			v->type->prepare_type(c, v->type, 0);
 		if (b->right) {
-			right = interp_exec(b->right, &rtype);
-			free_value(v->type, v->val);
-			free(v->val);
-			v->val = val_alloc(v->type, &right);
+			right = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rtype);
+			memcpy(val, &right, rtype->size);
 			rtype = Tnone;
 		} else {
-			free_value(v->type, v->val);
-			v->val = val_alloc(v->type, NULL);
+			val_init(v->type, val);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -3431,9 +3544,11 @@ function.
 			struct var *v = cast(var, $0->right);
 			if (v->var->type == Tnone) {
 				/* Convert this to a label */
+				struct value *val;
+
 				v->var->type = Tlabel;
-				v->var->val = val_alloc(Tlabel, NULL);
-				v->var->val->label = v->var->val;
+				val = global_alloc(c, Tlabel, v->var, NULL);
+				val->label = val;
 			}
 		}
 	}$
@@ -3456,7 +3571,7 @@ function.
 ###### interp binode cases
 
 	case Use:
-		rv = interp_exec(b->right, &rvtype);
+		rv = interp_exec(c, b->right, &rvtype);
 		break;
 
 ### The Conditional Statement
@@ -3886,44 +4001,44 @@ defined.
 		struct value v, cnd;
 		struct type *vtype, *cndtype;
 		struct casepart *cp;
-		struct cond_statement *c = cast(cond_statement, e);
+		struct cond_statement *cs = cast(cond_statement, e);
 
-		if (c->forpart)
-			interp_exec(c->forpart, NULL);
+		if (cs->forpart)
+			interp_exec(c, cs->forpart, NULL);
 		do {
-			if (c->condpart)
-				cnd = interp_exec(c->condpart, &cndtype);
+			if (cs->condpart)
+				cnd = interp_exec(c, cs->condpart, &cndtype);
 			else
 				cndtype = Tnone;
 			if (!(cndtype == Tnone ||
 			      (cndtype == Tbool && cnd.bool != 0)))
 				break;
 			// cnd is Tnone or Tbool, doesn't need to be freed
-			if (c->dopart)
-				interp_exec(c->dopart, NULL);
+			if (cs->dopart)
+				interp_exec(c, cs->dopart, NULL);
 
-			if (c->thenpart) {
-				rv = interp_exec(c->thenpart, &rvtype);
-				if (rvtype != Tnone || !c->dopart)
+			if (cs->thenpart) {
+				rv = interp_exec(c, cs->thenpart, &rvtype);
+				if (rvtype != Tnone || !cs->dopart)
 					goto Xcond_done;
 				free_value(rvtype, &rv);
 				rvtype = Tnone;
 			}
-		} while (c->dopart);
+		} while (cs->dopart);
 
-		for (cp = c->casepart; cp; cp = cp->next) {
-			v = interp_exec(cp->value, &vtype);
+		for (cp = cs->casepart; cp; cp = cp->next) {
+			v = interp_exec(c, cp->value, &vtype);
 			if (value_cmp(cndtype, vtype, &v, &cnd) == 0) {
 				free_value(vtype, &v);
 				free_value(cndtype, &cnd);
-				rv = interp_exec(cp->action, &rvtype);
+				rv = interp_exec(c, cp->action, &rvtype);
 				goto Xcond_done;
 			}
 			free_value(vtype, &v);
 		}
 		free_value(cndtype, &cnd);
-		if (c->elsepart)
-			rv = interp_exec(c->elsepart, &rvtype);
+		if (cs->elsepart)
+			rv = interp_exec(c, cs->elsepart, &rvtype);
 		else
 			rvtype = Tnone;
 	Xcond_done:
@@ -3951,6 +4066,8 @@ various declarations in the parse context.
 	$void
 	Ocean -> OptNL DeclarationList
 
+	## declare terminals
+
 	OptNL ->
 		| OptNL NEWLINE
 	Newlines -> NEWLINE
@@ -3994,6 +4111,8 @@ searching through for the Nth constant for decreasing N.
 
 ###### top level grammar
 
+	$TERM const
+
 	DeclareConstant -> const { IN OptNL ConstList OUT OptNL } Newlines
 		| const { SimpleConstList } Newlines
 		| const IN OptNL ConstList OUT Newlines
@@ -4035,8 +4154,8 @@ searching through for the Nth constant for decreasing N.
 		if (!ok)
 			c->parse_error = 1;
 		else if (v) {
-			struct value res = interp_exec($5, &v->type);
-			v->val = val_alloc(v->type, &res);
+			struct value res = interp_exec(c, $5, &v->type);
+			global_alloc(c, v->type, v, &res);
 		}
 	} }$
 
@@ -4059,12 +4178,13 @@ searching through for the Nth constant for decreasing N.
 					printf("const\n");
 				target = i;
 			} else {
+				struct value *val = var_value(&context, v);
 				printf("    %.*s :: ", v->name->name.len, v->name->name.txt);
 				type_print(v->type, stdout);
 				printf(" = ");
 				if (v->type == Tstr)
 					printf("\"");
-				print_value(v->type, v->val);
+				print_value(v->type, val);
 				if (v->type == Tstr)
 					printf("\"");
 				printf("\n");
@@ -4100,6 +4220,8 @@ analysis is a bit more interesting at this level.
 			c->prog = $<1;
 	} }$
 
+	$TERM program
+
 	$*binode
 	Program -> program OpenScope Varlist ColonBlock Newlines ${
 		$0 = new(binode);
@@ -4150,43 +4272,57 @@ analysis is a bit more interesting at this level.
 
 	static int analyse_prog(struct exec *prog, struct parse_context *c)
 	{
-		struct binode *b = cast(binode, prog);
+		struct binode *bp = cast(binode, prog);
+		struct binode *b;
 		int ok = 1;
+		int arg = 0;
+		struct type *argv_type;
+		struct text argv_type_name = { " argv", 5 };
 
-		if (!b)
+		if (!bp)
 			return 0;	// NOTEST
-		do {
-			ok = 1;
-			propagate_types(b->right, c, &ok, Tnone, 0);
-		} while (ok == 2);
-		if (!ok)
-			return 0;
 
-		for (b = cast(binode, b->left); b; b = cast(binode, b->right)) {
-			struct var *v = cast(var, b->left);
-			if (!v->var->type) {
-				v->var->where_set = b;
-				v->var->type = Tstr;
-				v->var->val = NULL;
+		argv_type = add_type(c, argv_type_name, &array_prototype);
+		argv_type->array.member = Tstr;
+
+		for (b = cast(binode, bp->left); b; b = cast(binode, b->right)) {
+			struct var *v;
+			ok = 1;
+			switch (arg++) {
+			case 0: /* argc */
+				v = cast(var, b->left);
+				argv_type->array.vsize = v->var;
+				propagate_types(b->left, c, &ok, Tnum, 0);
+				break;
+			case 1: /* argv */
+				propagate_types(b->left, c, &ok, argv_type, 0);
+				break;
+			default: /* invalid */
+				propagate_types(b->left, c, &ok, Tnone, 0);
 			}
 		}
-		b = cast(binode, prog);
+
 		do {
 			ok = 1;
-			propagate_types(b->right, c, &ok, Tnone, 0);
+			propagate_types(bp->right, c, &ok, Tnone, 0);
 		} while (ok == 2);
 		if (!ok)
 			return 0;
 
 		/* Make sure everything is still consistent */
-		propagate_types(b->right, c, &ok, Tnone, 0);
-		return !!ok;
+		propagate_types(bp->right, c, &ok, Tnone, 0);
+		if (!ok)
+			return 0;
+		scope_finalize(c);
+		return 1;
 	}
 
-	static void interp_prog(struct exec *prog, char **argv)
+	static void interp_prog(struct parse_context *c, struct exec *prog, 
+				int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		struct binode *p = cast(binode, prog);
 		struct binode *al;
+		int anum = 0;
 		struct value v;
 		struct type *vtype;
 
@@ -4195,25 +4331,38 @@ analysis is a bit more interesting at this level.
 		al = cast(binode, p->left);
 		while (al) {
 			struct var *v = cast(var, al->left);
-			struct value *vl = v->var->val;
-
-			if (argv[0] == NULL) {
-				printf("Not enough args\n");
-				exit(1);
+			struct value *vl = var_value(c, v->var);
+			struct value arg;
+			struct type *t;
+			mpq_t argcq;
+			int i;
+
+			switch (anum++) {
+			case 0: /* argc */
+				if (v->var->type == Tnum) {
+					mpq_init(argcq);
+					mpq_set_ui(argcq, argc, 1);
+					memcpy(vl, &argcq, sizeof(argcq));
+				}
+				break;
+			case 1: /* argv */
+				t = v->var->type;
+				t->prepare_type(c, t, 0);
+				array_init(v->var->type, vl);
+				for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+					struct value *vl2 = vl->array + i * v->var->type->array.member->size;
+					
+
+					arg.str.txt = argv[i];
+					arg.str.len = strlen(argv[i]);
+					free_value(Tstr, vl2);
+					dup_value(Tstr, &arg, vl2);
+				}
+				break;
 			}
 			al = cast(binode, al->right);
-			if (vl)
-				free_value(v->var->type, vl);
-			if (!vl) {
-				vl = val_alloc(v->var->type, NULL);
-				v->var->val = vl;
-			}
-			free_value(v->var->type, vl);
-			if (!parse_value(v->var->type, argv[0], vl))
-				exit(1);
-			argv++;
 		}
-		v = interp_exec(p->right, &vtype);
+		v = interp_exec(c, p->right, &vtype);
 		free_value(vtype, &v);
 	}
 
@@ -4248,11 +4397,13 @@ things which will likely grow as the languages grows.
 		name:string
 		alive:Boolean
 
-	program A B:
+	program argc argv:
 		print "Hello World, what lovely oceans you have!"
 		print "Are there", five, "?"
 		print pi, pie, "but", cake
 
+		A := $argv[1]; B := $argv[2]
+
 		/* When a variable is defined in both branches of an 'if',
 		 * and used afterwards, the variables are merged.
 		 */